Postnatal Depression

What is Postnatal Depression?

Postnatal depression (sometimes called postpartum depression) is a type of perinatal mood disorder that can develop in the weeks, months or even up to a year after birth. It affects mothers, as well as fathers and non-birthing parents.

Postnatal depression is not the same as the ‘baby blues’, which may occur 3 to 5 days after giving birth and affect around 80% of new mothers. Feeling overwhelmed, teary and anxious is common with the baby blues, and can be influenced by the birth experience, fluctuating hormone levels or lack of sleep. Often all that is needed to manage the baby blues is reassurance, extra care, rest, and support.  

Postnatal depression symptoms tend to be more intense, last longer, and can significantly affect day‑to‑day life if not treated.

How Common is Postnatal Depression?

Postnatal depression is common with up to 1 in 7 Australian women feeling depressed in the first year after having a baby. It is common to experience depression and anxiety at the same time. For most mothers with postnatal depression, onset occurred after 12 weeks postpartum.  

Signs and Symptoms

Postnatal depression can look different for everyone. Symptoms may develop gradually or appear suddenly and may last for longer than 2 weeks.

• Persistent sadness, numbness or emptiness
• Feeling overwhelmed, hopeless or helpless
• Loss of interest in things that once brought joy
• Excessive worry, anxiety or intrusive thoughts
• Irritability, anger or mood swings
• Difficulty sleeping (even when the baby sleeps)
• Changes in appetite
• Feelings of guilt, shame or inadequacy as a parent
• Difficulty bonding with the baby
• Wanting to withdraw from family or friends

Some parents may also experience thoughts of harming themselves or feeling that others would be better off without them. If this is happening, support is urgently needed.

Why Does Postnatal Depression Happen?

There is no single cause of postnatal depression. It often develops due to a combination of factors, including:

• Hormonal changes after birth
• Physical recovery, exhaustion or sleep deprivation
• Birth traumaor a difficult pregnancy
• Feeding challenges
• Changes in identity and relationships
• Lack of support
• A personal or family history of anxiety or depression

Postnatal depression is not caused by weakness or failure; it is simply a medical condition that deserves care and understanding.

When to Seek Support

It’s important to reach out for professional support, especially if signs and symptoms:

• Last longer than two weeks
• Are getting worse
• Interfere with caring for yourself or your baby

Early support can make a meaningful difference to recovery and wellbeing for you and your family.

Treatment and Support

Postnatal depression is treatable. With the right support, most parents recover well. Support may include:

• Psychological therapies, such as counselling or cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
• Practical strategies to manage anxious thoughts and physical symptoms
• Emotional support from family, friends or a professional
• Lifestyle and self‑care strategies
• In some cases, medication may be recommended, where appropriate and prescribed by a medical professional

Your GP, child and family health nurse, midwife or mental health professional can help determine the support that’s right for you.