Understanding trauma triggers during the perinatal period

A mother sits up in bed, holding her newborn baby. She is soothing the baby with a dummy.

A trauma trigger is a psychological cue that activates memories of past traumatic experiences. It could be a sound, smell, noise or even a bodily response that may not be fully understood at the time. Trauma triggers can be both distressing and debilitating.

Many people who have experienced past trauma manage the transition through pregnancy and adjustment to parenthood utilising their existing coping skills, resilience and supportive people around them. For others, past trauma may be activated during their pregnancy, birth or sometime after the birth. Those who have experienced trauma may need additional support during this time.

A history of sexual trauma, child sexual abuse or a prior birth trauma can make pregnancy particularly challenging, often due to physical reminders and triggers.  Internal examinations or ultrasounds, breast examinations and the birth itself can be especially difficult and can raise some uncomfortable feelings. More general experiences of medical intervention, lack of control or physical touch may also cause distress. If this is the case, it can be very helpful to have a support person attend medical appointments and the birth.

Even when the person has received counselling or support for past trauma, it is common for some women to disclose historical sexual abuse or assault for the first time while they are pregnant or after the birth. It is important that services and other support people react in a way that empowers the individual at this time of heightened vulnerability.

Some triggers can be better managed when coping strategies are applied during times of distress. Strategies can include grounding, breathing and mindfulness exercises. Support people or healthcare providers can also help manage any challenging or triggering experiences if they are aware of the past trauma.

Psychologists or other health professionals can help to talk through any concerns, and assist in developing coping strategies, including a flexible birth plan that feels comfortable and safe.

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Other resources

The Royal Women’s Hospital ‍

Domestic Violence Resource Centre Victoria

Women’s Legal Aid NSW

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For disclosure, support, and information during pregnancy, please contact:

1800 Respect – National Sexual Assault, Family Domestic Violence Counselling on 1800 737 732 ‍
PANDA – National Perinatal Anxiety and Depression Helpline on 1330 726 306‍

For health professionals: South Australian Perinatal Practice Guideline

Reviewed:

Dec 2024